Density of Cement Sand Aggregate and Steel in Kg/m3, lb/ft3, and KN/m3 | Density of Construction Materials | List of Material Density in Kg/m3

The density of different construction materials plays a crucial role in maintaining structural strength and integrity. The density of a material can be described as the mass of the material per unit volume or the unit weight of the material. In this article, we will discuss the density of a long list of construction materials, including sand, cement, aggregate, concrete, cement motor, RCC concrete, steel, brick, fly ash brick, ACC Block, and other important construction materials in various measuring unit units, such as Kg/m3, lb/ft3, and KN/m3.

Density of Cement Sand and Aggregate in Kg/m3 | List of Material Density

Density is also known as the unit weight of the material which means how much a material weighs per unit volume. This is why if you know the density of the construction materials, you can easily calculate the weight of the materials.

Mathematical Expression of Density:

Density represents the mass of the material per unit volume.

Therefore, the mathematical expression of density is –

Density (ρ) = Mass (m) / Volume (V)

            ρ = m/V

Some extensively used measuring units for density are Kg/m3, g/cm3, lb/ft3, and KN/m3, where Kg, g, lb, KN are the measuring units of mass and m3, cm3, and ft3 are the units of volume.

Let’s take a look at the below table to know the density of cement sand and aggregate in Kg/m3 and other units.

Construction Material	Density in Kg/m3	Density in g/cm3	Density in lb/ft3	Density in KN/m3
Cement	1440 Kg/m3	1.440 g/cm3	90 lb/ft3	14.40 KN/m3
Cement Mortar	2162 Kg/m3	2.162 g/cm3	135 lb/ft3	21.62 KN/m3
Cement Concrete	2400 Kg/m3	2.4 g/cm3	150 lb/ft3	24.00 KN/m3
Sand	(1450-2082) Kg/m3	(1.450-2.082) g/cm3	(90-130) lb/ft3	(14.50-20.82) KN/m3
Aggregate	(1200-1750) Kg/m3	(1.200-1.750) g/cm3	(75-109) lb/ft3	(12.00-17.50) KN/m3
RCC Concrete	2500 KG/m3	2.500 g/cm3	156 lb/ft3	25.00 KN/m3
Brick	(1600-1750) Kg/m3	(1.600-1.750) g/cm3	(100 -110) lb/ft3	(16.00 -17.50) KN/m3
Fly Ash Brick	(1700-1850) Kg/m3	(1.700-1.850) g/cm3	(106-116) lb/ft3	(17.00-18.50) KN/m3
ACC Block	(450-850) Kg/m3	(0.450-0.850) g/cm3	(28-53) lb/ft3	(4.50-8.50) KN/m3

Density of Cement

Cement has a significant application as an adhesive material in various types ofconstruction, such as the formation of buildings, multi-storey buildings, dams, superstructures, over-bridges, and other civil structures. The adhesive property of the cement helps it stick to other materials, such as gravel and sand and builds a strong bond with the material once it hardens.

The density of cement in Kg/m3 is 1440 Kg/m3.

The density of cement in g/cm3 is 1.440 g/cm3.

[Calculation: 1 Kg/m3 = 1000g/ (100×100×100) cm3 = 1/1000 g/cm3
            Therefore, 1440 Kg/m3 =1440/1000 g/cm3 = 1.440 g/cm3]

The density of cement in lb/ft3 is 90 lb/ft3.

[Calculation: 1 Kg/m3 = 0.0624 lb/ft3
            Therefore, 1440 Kg/m3 = (1440×0.0624) lb/ft3 = 89.856 lb/ft3 = 90 lb/ft3 (approximately).]

The density of cement in KN/m3 is 14.40 KN/m3.

[Calculation: 1 KN/m3 = 1000 N/m3; whereas, 1 Kg/m3 = 10 N/m3
            Therefore, 1440 Kg/m3 = 14400 N/m3 =14400/1000 KN/m3 =14.40 KN/m3]

                                                Density of Cement Mortar

The mixture of cement and fine sand forms cement mortar. This cement mortar is useful for brickwork and plastering. However, depending on the brickwork and plastering, the ratio of sand and cement in the mixture can be different. This is why the density of the cement mortar can slightly vary from one type of construction to another. Usually, the weight commonly used cement mortar in 1 cube meter is 2162 Kg. Therefore, the density of the cement mortar is 2162 Kg/m3.

The density of cement mortar in Kg/m3 is 2162 Kg/m3.

The density of cement mortar in g/cm3 is 2.162 g/cm3.

[Calculation: 1 Kg/m3 = 1000 g/ (100×100×100) cm3 = 1/1000 g/cm3
            Therefore, 2162 Kg/m3 = 2162/1000 g/cm3 = 2.162 g/cm3]

The density of cement mortar in lb/ft3 is 135 lb/ft3.

[Calculation: 1 Kg/m3 = 0.0624 lb/ft3
            Therefore, 2162 Kg/m3 = (2162×0.0624) lb/ft3 = 134.9088 lb/ft3 =135 lb/ft3 (approximately).]

The density of cement mortar in KN/m3 is 21.62 KN/m3.

[Calculation: 1 KN/m3 = 1000 N/m3; whereas, 1 Kg/m3 = 10 N/m3
            Therefore, 2162 Kg/m3 = 21620 N/m3 =21620/1000 KN/m3 =21.62 KN/m3]

                                             Density of Cement Concrete

The mixture of cement, sand, and aggregate is called plain cement concrete. The cement concrete is useful for PCC work, RCC work, and concreting, such as beam, column, slab, and footing. The density of plain cement concrete (PCC) and reinforced cement concrete (RCC) is slightly different. Whereas the density of plain cement concrete is approximately 2400 Kg/m3, reinforced cement concrete has the density of 2500 Kg/m3.

The density of cement concrete (PCC) in Kg/m3 is 2400 Kg/m3.

The density of cement concrete (PCC) in g/cm3 is 2.4 g/cm3.

[Calculation: 1 Kg/m3 = 1000 g/ (100×100×100) cm3 = 1/1000 g/cm3
            Therefore, 2400 Kg/m3 = 2400/1000 g/cm3 = 2.4 g/cm3]

The density of cement concrete (PCC) in lb/ft3 is 150 lb/ft3.

[Calculation: 1 Kg/m3 = 0.0624 lb/ft3
            Therefore, 2400 Kg/m3 = (2400×0.0624) lb/ft3 = 149.76 lb/ft3 = 150 lb/ft3 (approximately).]

The density of cement concrete (PCC) in KN/m3 is 24.00 KN/m3.

[Calculation: 1 KN/m3 = 1000 N/m3; whereas, 1 Kg/m3 = 10 N/m3
            Therefore, 2400 Kg/m3 = 24000 N/m3 =24000/1000 KN/m3 =24.00 KN/m3]

                                                Density of Sand

Depending on the condition of the sand, its density varies. For instance, the density of the packaged sand is different from the loose sand. In the packaged sand, the sand grains create a narrower formation, resulting in increased density. Similarly, the wet sand has a different density than the dry sand.

The density of the sand depending on its condition, such as loose, packed, wet, dry, dusty, and wet packed, usually ranges from 1450 to 2082 Kg/m3. The most commonly used sand in the construction work has the density of 1600 Kg/m3. The density of the coarse sand also ranges from 1450 to 2082 Kg/m3. The density of river sand is approximately 1710 Kg/m3, whereas, the crush sand or M sand has the density of 1750 Kg/m3. Let’s take a look at the below table to understand how the density of sand differs depending on its condition-

Sand Type	Density in Kg/m3	Density in g/cm3	Density in lb/ft3	Density in KN/m3
Loose Sand	1442 Kg/m3	1.442 g/cm3	90 lb/ft3	14.42 KN/m3
Dry Sand	1602 Kg/m3	1.602 g/cm3	100 lb/ft3	16.02 KN/m3
Packed Sand	1682 Kg/m3	1.682 g/cm3	105 lb/ft3	16.82 KN/m3
Wet Sand	1922 Kg/m3	1.922 g/cm3	120 lb/ft3	19.22 KN/m3
Wet Packed Sand	2082 Kg/m3	2.082 g/cm3	130 lb/ft3	20.82 KN/m3

Therefore, the density of sand in Kg/m3 ranges from 1442 to 2082 Kg/m3.

The density of sand in g/cm3 ranges from 1.442to 2.082 g/cm3.

The density of sand in lb/ft3 ranges from 90 to 130 lb/ft3.

The density of sand in KN/m3 ranges from 14.42 to 20.82 KN/m3.

Density of Aggregate (Coarse Sand/Gravel)

The aggregates or gravels are the combination of non-metallic minerals that are found in the form particles. The aggregates are useful to provide strength in road and civil engineering constructions. The density of the aggregate also depends on its conditions, such as dry, wet, loose, packed, wet packed, and the size of the particles. The density of commonly used aggregates usually ranges from 1200 to 1750 Kg/m3.

There are mainly two types of aggregates, such as I. Fine Aggregate (less than 5mm), and II. Coarse Aggregate (5-50 mm). Whereas the fine aggregates are naturally found sand which is washed and filtered to eliminate the particles bigger than 5 mm, the coarse aggregates are crushing the gravels and then washing and sieving them to get the particles ranges from 5 to 50 mm in size. Some constructions involve the mixture of fine and coarse aggregates with correct proportions to reduce voids, the use of expensive cement, and make the concrete stronger.

The Size of the Aggregate	Density in Kg/m3	Density in g/cm3	Density in lb/ft3	Density in KN/m3
10 mm	1750 Kg/m3	1.750 g/cm3	109 lb/ft3	17.50 KN/m3
12 mm	1600 Kg/m3	1.600 g/cm3	100 lb/ft3	16.00 KN/m3
20 mm	1450 Kg/m3	2.450 g/cm3	90.5 lb/ft3	14.50 KN/m3
40 mm	1200 Kg/m3	4.200 g/cm3	75 lb/ft3	12.00 KN/m3

The Density of aggregate in Kg/m3 ranges from 1200 to 1750 Kg/m3.

The Density of aggregate in g/cm3 ranges from 1.200 to 1.750 g/cm3.

The Density of aggregate in lb/ft3 ranges from 75 to 109 lb/ft3.

The Density of aggregate in KN/m3 ranges from 12.00 to 17.50 KN/m3.

Density of Other Construction Materials: List of Material Density in Kg/m3

This table shows the density of a long list of construction materials. Let’s take a look-

Construction Materials	Density in Kg/m3	Density in g/cm3	Density in lb/ft3	Density in KN/m3
Water	1000 Kg/m3	1 g/cm3	62.43 lb/ft3	10.00 KN/m3
Black Cotton Soil	1760 Kg/m3	1.760 g/cm3	109.8 lb/ft3	17.60 KN/m3
Clay Soil	1900 Kg/m3	1.900 g/cm3	118.6 lb/ft3	19.00 KN/m3
Sandy Soil	1800 Kg/m3	1.800 g/cm3	112.3 lb/ft3	18.00 KN/m3
Gravel Soil	2000 Kg/m3	2.000 g/cm3	124.8 lb/ft3	20.00 KN/m3
Chalk	2100 Kg/m3	2.100 g/cm3	131 lb/ft3	21.00 KN/m3
Silt	2100 Kg/m3	2.100 g/cm3	131 lb/ft3	21.00 KN/m3
Sandstone	2000 Kg/m3	2.000 g/cm3	124.8 lb/ft3	20.00 KN/m3
Shale	2500 Kg/m3	2.500 g/cm3	156 lb/ft3	25.00 KN/m3
Metamorphic Rocks	2700 Kg/m3	2.700 g/cm3	168.5 lb/ft3	27.00 KN/m3
Sedimentary Rocks	2600 Kg/m3	2.600 g/cm3	162.3 lb/ft3	26.00 KN/m3
Igneous Rocks (mafic)	3000 Kg/m3	3.000 g/cm3	187.2 lb/ft3	30.00 KN/m3
Igneous Rocks (felsic)	2700 Kg/m3	2.700 g/cm3	168.5 lb/ft3	27.00 KN/m3
Bricks	1500-1800 Kg/m3	1.500-1.800 g/cm3	93.64-112.3 lb/ft3	15.00-18.00 KN/m3
Asphalt	721 Kg/m3	0.721 g/cm3	45 lb/ft3	7.21 KN/m3
Sand or Fine Aggregate	1442-2082 Kg/m3	1.442-2.082 g/cm3	90-130 lb/ft3	14.42-20.42 KN/m3
Gravel or Coarse Aggregate	1200-1750 Kg/m3	1.200-1.750 g/cm3	75-109 lb/ft3	12.00-17.00 KN/m3
Cement	1440 Kg/m3	1.440 g/cm3	89.8 lb/ft3	14.40 KN/m3
Marble Stone	2620 Kg/m3	2.620 g/cm3	163.5 lb/ft3	26.20 KN/m3
Granite Stone	2460-2800 Kg/m3	2.460-2.800 g/cm3	153.5-174.7 lb/ft3	24.60-28.60 KN/m3
Cement Concrete (RCC)	2500 Kg/m3	2.500 g/cm3	156 lb/ft3	25.00 KN/m3
Cement Concrete (PCC)	2400 Kg/m3	2.400 g/cm3	149.7 lb/ft3	24.00 KN/m3
Cement Concrete Block	1800 Kg/m3	1.800 g/cm3	112.3 lb/ft3	18.00 KN/m3
Cement Mortar	2080 Kg/m3	2.080 g/cm3	129.8 lb/ft3	20.80 KN/m3
Lime Mortar	1760 Kg/m3	1.760 g/cm3	109.8 lb/ft3	17.60 KN/m3
Lime	640 Kg/m3	0.640 g/cm3	39.9 lb/ft3	6.40 KN/m3
Glass	2580 Kg/m3	2.580 g/cm3	161 lb/ft3	25.80 KN/m3
Steel	7850 Kg/m3	7.850 g/cm3	490 lb/ft3	78.50 KN/m3
Stainless Steel	7480-8000 Kg/m3	7.480-8.000 g/cm3	466.9-499.4 lb/ft3	74.80-80.80 KN/m3
Aluminum	2739 Kg/m3	2.739 g/cm3	170.9 lb/ft3	27.39 KN/m3
Copper	8940 Kg/m3	8.940 g/cm3	558.1 lb/ft3	89.40 KN/m3
Cobalt	8746 Kg/m3	8.746 g/cm3	545.9 lb/ft3	87.46 KN/m3
Magnesium	1738 Kg/m3	1.738 g/cm3	108.4 lb/ft3	17.38 KN/m3
Iron	7850 Kg/m3	7.850 g/cm3	490 lb/ft3	78.50 KN/m3
Cast Iron	7208 Kg/m3	7.208 g/cm3	449.9 lb/ft3	72.08 KN/m3
Tin	7280 Kg/m3	7.208 g/cm3	454.4 lb/ft3	72.80 KN/m3
Nickel	8908 Kg/m3	8.908 g/cm3	556.1 lb/ft3	89.08 KN/m3
Zinc	7135 Kg/m3	7.135 g/cm3	445.4 lb/ft3	71.35 KN/m3
Lead	11340 Kg/m3	11.340 g/cm3	707.9 lb/ft3	113.40 KN/m3
Wood (Different Types)
Ash (Black)	540 Kg/m3	0.540 g/cm3	33.7 lb/ft3	5.40 KN/m3
Ash (White)	670 Kg/m3	0.670 g/cm3	41.8 lb/ft3	6.70 KN/m3
Apple	660-830 Kg/m3	0.660-0.830 g/cm3	41.2-51.8 lb/ft3	6.60-8.30 KN/m3
Aspen	420 Kg/m3	0.420 g/cm3	26.2 lb/ft3	4.20 KN/m3
Balsa	170 Kg/m3	0.170 g/cm3	10.6 lb/ft3	1.70 KN/m3
Birch	670 Kg/m3	0.670 g/cm3	41.8 lb/ft3	6.70 KN/m3
Bamboo	300-400 Kg/m3	0.300-0.400 g/cm3	18.7-25 lb/ft3	3.00-4.00 KN/m3
Cedar	380 Kg/m3	0.380 g/cm3	23.7 lb/ft3	3.80 KN/m3
African Mahogany	495-850 Kg/m3	0.495-0.850 g/cm3	31-53 lb/ft3	4.95-8.50 KN/m3
Willow Wood	420 Kg/m3	0.420 g/cm3	26.2 lb/ft3	4.20 KN/m3
Honduras Mahogany	545 Kg/m3	0.545 g/cm3	34 lb/ft3	5.45 KN/m3
European Red Wood	510 Kg/m3	0.510 g/cm3	31.8 lb/ft3	5.10 KN/m3
American Red Wood	450 Kg/m3	0.450 g/cm3	28 lb/ft3	4.50 KN/m3
Afromosia	705 Kg/m3	0.705 g/cm3	44 lb/ft3	7.05 KN/m3
Sitka Spruce	450 Kg/m3	0.450 g/cm3	28 lb/ft3	4.50 KN/m3
Canadian Spruce	450 Kg/m3	0.450 g/cm3	28 lb/ft3	4.50 KN/m3
Elm	600-815 Kg/m3	0.600-0.815 g/cm3	37.4-50.8 lb/ft3	6.00-8.15 KN/m3
Ebony	960-1120 Kg/m3	0.960-1.120 g/cm3	59.9-69.9 lb/ft3	9.60-11.20 KN/m3
Larch	590 Kg/m3	0.590 g/cm3	36.8 lb/ft3	5.90 KN/m3
Iroko	655 Kg/m3	0.655 g/cm3	40.9 lb/ft3	6.55 KN/m3
Maple	755 Kg/m3	0.755 g/cm3	47.1 lb/ft3	7.55 KN/m3
Teak	630-720 Kg/m3	0.630-0.720 g/cm3	39.3-44.9 lb/ft3	6.30-7.20 KN/m3
Oak	590-930 Kg/m3	0.590-0.930 g/cm3	36.8-58 lb/ft3	5.90-9.30 KN/m3
Lignam Vitae	1280-1370 Kg/m3	1.280-1.370 g/cm3	79.9-85.5 lb/ft3	12.80-13.80 KN/m3
Sycamore	590 Kg/m3	0.590 g/cm3	36.8 lb/ft3	5.90 KN/m3

Conclusion

In this article, we have discussed the density of cement, sand, aggregate, and steel in Kg/m3 and various other measuring units. We have also offered a chart mentioning a long list of material density in Kg/m3 and other units. Above all, this article offers a complete guide on the density of construction materials.